Stable Tape

Benchmark index

Stable Tape separates live benchmarks from research. DDD measures USD stablecoin supply relative to U.S. M2. The Daily Tape is the citable daily record. Issuer dominance, chain distribution, and currency breakdown explain structure; Velocity, Flow, Active, stress, and follow-through layers remain clearly labelled beta, planned, or research. See Stablecoin Supply Today for the current reading in one place.

What Stable Tape measures

A clean status map for the Stable Tape metric family. DDD is the headline scale benchmark. Supporting layers are live only where the data pipeline is stable; research layers stay labelled until methodology and sources are ready.

Layer Benchmark Measures Status Question answered
Scale DDD Supply vs M2 Live How much of U.S. broad money is represented by USD stablecoins?
Daily movement Daily Tape Supply movement Daily What is the official DDD reading for a given date, and what supply movement was recorded?
Structure Issuer dominance Concentration Live How concentrated is USD stablecoin supply across issuers? What share does the top issuer hold?
Structure Chain distribution Network spread Live Which blockchains hold the most stablecoin supply, and how is that spread changing?
Structure Currency breakdown USD vs non-USD Live How much of tracked stablecoin supply is USD-denominated? What share is non-USD?
Daily movement Supply momentum Daily Tape expansion / contraction Daily Is USD stablecoin supply in net expansion or contraction across the latest Daily Tape window?
Flow / usage research Stablecoin Velocity Usage rate Research beta How many times did stablecoin supply turn over across the latest 7-day window?
Flow / usage research DDD Flow Value moved Research How does stablecoin transfer volume compare with traditional payment rail volumes?
Flow / usage research DDD Active Recently active supply Planned What share of stablecoin supply has moved recently, once address-level methodology exists?
Flow / usage research Mint Follow-Through Event follow-through Research Do large reported mint or burn events translate into durable circulating supply changes?
Stress / risk research Peg / Market Stress Research Stress state Research Research Pulse component reading whether major USD stablecoins trade close to $1. Price proximity only; not reserves, solvency, redemption risk, issuer health, systemic risk, investment advice, or a trading alert.
Future research Agentic Activity Autonomous transaction share Research Can stablecoin activity by autonomous agents be measured from credible labels and transaction data?
DDD is the headline benchmark. Supporting layers are live where the underlying data is stable, labelled research or roadmap where it is not. Read the full methodology →
Benchmarks

Live benchmarks first. Research and roadmap metrics are clearly labelled below.

DDD

Live
USD stablecoin supply ÷ U.S. M2

The headline benchmark. Measures USD stablecoin supply as a share of U.S. M2 broad money — one neutral read on the depth of on-chain dollar penetration. Updated continuously from DeFiLlama supply data and FRED M2SL.

1 in N broad-money dollars
Stablecoin share of U.S. M2
USD stablecoin supply
U.S. M2
View the benchmark → Read the M2 ratio explainer →

Daily Tape

Daily
supply snapshot deltas + observed expansion/contraction movement

The citable daily record of stablecoin supply movement. Each dated entry records what expanded, what contracted, and the net supply change across the measurement window. Dated permalinks make individual records suitable for citation.

The Daily Tape measures supply changes — not transfer volume. It also carries supply momentum: whether the latest window is in net expansion or contraction. Snapshot deltas and verified supply evidence are Tape inputs, not DDD Flow inputs.
Open the Daily Tape →

Issuer dominance

Live
issuer supply ÷ total USD stablecoin supply

Tracks how concentrated USD stablecoin supply is across issuers. Reports top issuer share, top 2 share, top 5 share, and tracked issuer count — refreshed from DeFiLlama issuer data. Tells you whether onchain dollars are becoming more or less distributed.

Issuer classifications come from DeFiLlama's pegged-asset dataset. No manual assignment. If upstream classifications change, share figures update automatically.
View issuer dominance →

Chain distribution

Live
chain stablecoin supply ÷ total USD stablecoin supply

Shows which blockchains hold the most stablecoin supply and how that distribution is shifting. Ethereum, Tron, and Solana dominate by supply — this layer tracks whether concentration at the network level is rising or falling.

View chain distribution →

Currency breakdown

Live
USD-pegged supply ÷ total stablecoin supply

DDD measures USD-denominated stablecoins only. The currency breakdown layer shows what share of total tracked stablecoin supply is USD-pegged versus non-USD — putting the DDD numerator in context of the broader stablecoin market.

View currency breakdown →

Stablecoin Velocity

Research beta

Stable Tape starts with supply, adds velocity as a research-beta usage proxy, and may add spend indexes later if partners provide aggregated data.

7-day turnover rate
--
7D turnover

Loading adjusted transfer volume and frozen supply records.

Numerator Artemis-filtered transfer volume
Denominator Average Stable Tape USD stablecoin supply
Coverage --
30D 30D history is collecting.
Provenance Transfer volume: Artemis-filtered stablecoin transfer volume · Supply: Stable Tape frozen records
Beta note Research beta. Provider access and methodology are subject to change before commercial rollout.
Velocity measures usage context and turnover, not supply expansion, contraction, transaction counts, active users, or investment signals. Read the Velocity research page →

DDD Active

Planned
active stablecoin float ÷ transactional dollar stock

Designed to measure how much working stablecoin liquidity exists compared with spendable dollar balances — only counting coins that have moved within a defined window.

Numerator — Active stablecoin float
Active stablecoin float: awaiting address-level activity data.
Status: unavailable
Required data
  • Address-level stablecoin balances, by chain
  • Last outbound movement per address
  • 30 / 90 / 180-day active balance windows
  • Stablecoin token contracts (all supported chains)
  • Issuer treasury / bridge / burn address labels
  • Entity labels where available
Denominator — Transactional dollar stock
currency in circulation + demand deposits

DDD Active uses a reconstructed transactional-dollar denominator rather than official M1, because modern M1 includes savings-like balances. The denominator uses only currency in circulation (MBCURRCIR) and demand deposits (DEMDEPSL).

Transactional dollar stock: source not yet wired to live endpoint.
Currency in circulation (MBCURRCIR) — not configured
Demand deposits (DEMDEPSL) — not configured
Total transactional dollar stock — not available
Source: FRED MBCURRCIR + DEMDEPSL · monthly
Commercial bank deposits (DPSACBW027SBOG) are shown as a context lens, not as the DDD Active denominator.
DDD Active ratio will not be shown until both numerator and denominator are available.

DDD Flow

Research
adjusted stablecoin transfer volume ÷ traditional payment / settlement rail volume

Intended to measure stablecoins as payment and settlement rails — how much value is actually flowing through the network versus how much is issued. Not yet live. Requires a credible peer-to-peer transfer-volume source with noise removal (same-entity transfers, bridge hops, DEX routing, and MEV excluded).

Future signal: Mint Follow-Through. Mint Follow-Through is a planned Flow signal for checking whether large reported mint or burn events translate into durable circulating supply changes after 1D, 3D, and 7D. Mint headlines show the event; the Daily Tape shows what stuck. It is not live, not currently part of DDD, and not a claim that Stable Tape verifies every transaction-level mint or burn event. Unlike the live Supply Momentum read, which summarizes net Daily Tape expansion or contraction today, Mint Follow-Through would track whether individual event-level mint or burn headlines persist after 1D / 3D / 7D. It is not live.

Numerator — Transfer volume
Transfer volume source: not configured.
Adjusted volume requires an external provider.
Potential providers
Allium / Visa Onchain Analytics
Artemis
Coin Metrics (TxTfrValAdjUSD)
Dune Analytics (raw, research only)
Flipside Crypto (raw, research only)
The Block
Denominator — Traditional rail volume
Rail volume: static reference only.
ACH, Fedwire, CHIPS — no live API. Quarterly cadence.
DDD Flow must not use snapshot deltas, issuance data, or Daily Tape inputs. These measure supply movement, not settlement usage.
Roadmap

Future metrics and research directions. None of these are live benchmarks. They are listed here so the scope of the Stable Tape roadmap is transparent.

Planned
Issuer concentration trend
Time series of top-N issuer share and HHI over weeks and months — so shifts in market structure are visible over time, not just as a point-in-time snapshot.
Planned
HHI concentration score
A single headline Herfindahl-Hirschman Index reading for the issuer landscape, with threshold zones marking competitive, moderately concentrated, and highly concentrated regimes.
Research
Stablecoin velocity and usage
Extending the Velocity beta into a fuller usage layer — adjusted transfer volume relative to supply, with noise removal for bridge hops, DEX routing, and same-entity transfers. Requires a stable, citable provider.
Research
Mint Follow-Through
A future Flow signal for checking whether large reported mint or burn events translate into durable circulating supply changes after 1D, 3D, and 7D. Mint headlines show the event; Daily Tape shows what stuck.
Research
Peg / Market Stress Research
Research Pulse component using price proximity to $1 only. It is not a public benchmark layer, not intraday monitoring, not a score, and not evidence of reserves, solvency, redemption risk, issuer health, systemic risk, investment advice, or a trading alert.
Research
Economic model taxonomy
Classification of stablecoin issuers by economic model — bank-reserved, yield-bearing, decentralised collateral, revenue-sharing, and partner-led. Intended to track structural change in who issues onchain dollars and how value accrues.
Research
Agentic Activity
Exploratory research into stablecoin flows attributable to autonomous on-chain agents. Not a live metric — this is an early-stage research direction to understand whether AI-agent transaction volumes are becoming a measurable share of stablecoin activity.
Roadmap items are research directions, not commitments. Methodology and data requirements will be published before any roadmap item becomes a beta or live benchmark.
Supply comparisons

Supplementary comparisons that put stablecoin supply in context. Not the headline DDD benchmark — no branded benchmarks, no live ratios until data is wired.

Context
Stablecoins vs physical cash
supply ÷ MBCURRCIR
Source: FRED MBCURRCIR · monthly
Context
Stablecoins vs commercial bank deposits
supply ÷ DPSACBW027SBOG
Source: FRED DPSACBW027SBOG · weekly
Context
Stablecoins vs monetary base
supply ÷ BOGMBASE
Source: FRED BOGMBASE · weekly
Useful context, not the headline DDD benchmark.
Methodology

Supporting layers do not replace DDD. The headline benchmark remains circulating USD stablecoin supply divided by U.S. M2. Each supporting layer carries its own methodology and status badge. No layer will be marked live unless the required data pipeline has been validated.

Read the full methodology →

Daily Tape

Get Tape updates.

The latest official Daily Tape window, daily card, and citable stablecoin supply movement updates.